Complex carbohydrates - starches, such as grains, breads, rice, pasta, vegetables and beans. They get their name from their complex, chainlike structure. During digestion, starches are typically broken down into sugars and used by the body for energy. Because simple carbohydrates, like glucose, are immediately available and complex carbohydrates must be broken down, complex carbohydrates offer a more sustained energy level than simple carbohydrates

Fat Grams - a measure the fat content of a food. One gram of fat = 9 kCalories.

Internal obliques - muscles that run upward and inward from the hip bones to the lower ribs, allowing you to rotate and bend at the waist. These are located underneath the external obliques

Essential amino acids - amino acids that the body cannot make in sufficient amounts to meet physiological needs and must come from food

RDI - (reference daily intakes) food labeling values for protein, vitamins and minerals based on population- adjusted means of the RDA

Food Journal - a record of everything eaten and drunk; used to analyze one's eating pattern and individualize lifestyle and diet plans.

Hypotension - blood pressure below the normal range

Caffeine - a natural stimulant found in many common foods and beverages, including coffee, tea and chocolate

Individual Beliefs - overt and covert beliefs held that guide our decisions (eating and otherwise)

Isotonic contraction - A dynamic muscular contraction used in common weight-training exercises where the muscle moves the limb through a range of motion while contracted. Normally called dynamic training or contractions.

Vastus intermedius, lateralis and medialis - 3 of the 4 muscles of the thigh that make up the quadriceps. Strong quads help protect your knees. The 4th muscle is the rectus femoris. Cycling, skiing, running and hiking downhill work these muscles