Anaerobic - literally, "without oxygen." The heart and lungs can't get enough oxygen to the muscles and energy is produced without oxygen. Exercise intense enough to "outrun" the oxygen supply creates lactic acid which builds up in the muscles and causes soreness and fatigue. Sprinting is anaerobic and after its done, one must stop until the oxygen supply has caught up again. Aerobic exercise will make this "recovery period" shorter

Aerobic exercise - "exercise with oxygen" is exercise done at a rate that allows the oxygen that you breath to produce the energy needed. Aerobic exercise is the preferred way to burn calories and strengthen your heart and lungs

Calorie - a unit of measurement for the amount of energy that is released from food upon oxidation by the body

Vastus intermedius, lateralis and medialis - 3 of the 4 muscles of the thigh that make up the quadriceps. Strong quads help protect your knees. The 4th muscle is the rectus femoris. Cycling, skiing, running and hiking downhill work these muscles

Hamstring - A long group of three muscles in the back of your thigh that runs hip to knee. "Hams" for short.

Kilometer - A metric measurement commonly used in athletic distances. Abbreviated Km or K. 1K equals 0.62 miles. Inversely, 1 mile equals 1.62 kilometers. 5K is 3.1 miles, while 10K (this is higher math) is 6.2 miles.

Concentric contraction - A contraction where the muscle shortens, such as in a bicep curl. There is movement in the joint (here, elbow) so it is called a dynamic action.

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